![]() Ernest Gellner adopted an economically reductionist approach, deeming nationalism a necessary function of industrialization. If nationalism was a modern invention, so were nations: the nation-state was the result, rather than the origin, of nationalist discourse. A populace linked itself to a limited national territory and was embodied through a centralized government, an event Hobsbawm believed first occurred during the French Revolution. Hobsbawm defined nationalism as the popular realization of political rights in a sovereign state. Three theorists stand out in the genealogical debate over nationalism. Although there is little consensus regarding the forces responsible for its manifestation, most specialists on nationalism believe it to be an essentially modern phenomenon, appearing in the late eighteenth century in Europe and North America. The appearance, extent, and character of nationalism in European society has attracted much debate among historians and sociologists. ![]()
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